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H2 Receptor Antagonists

Peptic ulcers have caused belly pains for millennia, and were poorly treated until a significant advance in medication occurred in the late1970s with the introduction of cimetidine, the first of the H2 receptor antagonists. These drugs are distantly related to antihistamines and act to cure ulcers of the stomach, duodenum and oesophagitis by reducing the amount of acid secreted into the stomach. This also enables them to control reflux oesophagitis (heartburn), which may accompany a hiatus hernia, and inflammation of the stomach (gastritis) caused by excess acid. Treatment is

Usually rapidly effective, but must be continued for weeks or months to prevent relapses. This class of medication is now being replaced by the more potent proton pump inhibitors.

Examples of drugs in this class include cimetidine (Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcidine), nizatadine (Tazac) and ranitidine (Zantac). Side effects are usually minimal, but may include occasional headache, diarrhea, rash, breast enlargement in men, dizziness and tiredness. Cimetidine can sometimes interact with other drugs that control epilepsy and blood clotting.

Cimetidine has sometimes been used to treat cases of multiple skin warts with some success, but the mode of action is unknown.

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